By Bert Gaddis
The principals of first aid for pets are similar to those for humans. Many of the materials found in a standard first aid kit can be applied to first aid for pets. With the addition of a 4 foot leash, 2 inch roll gauze, self stick stretch bandage (vet-wrap) and 2 inch adhesive tape to the kit, most wounds or injuries can be dressed until proper treatment can be sought. Some potential hazards to be aware of in the hunting or training field include heat stroke, lacerations, fractures bones, ticks, mosquitoes and snakebites.

Heat stroke is defined as a body temperature over 105æF. The clinical signs of heat stroke include rapid excessive panting, hypersalivation, increased heart rate and red to brick red mucous membranes. If these signs are prolonged they can lead to shock, depression, coma and death. While prevention is the best treatment, proper first aid is critical. Cooling down an overheated dog with a cool water bath or a dunk in a pond is the first step. If a fairly quick response to this is not noted then the second step is necessary. Moving air across them with a fan or driving with the windows open (on the way to the veterinarian) is the second step. The delayed effects from heat stroke and the tissue damage such as blood clotting problems can become life threatening.

Lacerations commonly happen in the field. When they affect the feet or lower leg a gauze pad, roll gauze and vet-wrap bandage should be applied to the affected area, extending all the way to the toes to help prevent swelling of the extremities below the injury. Lacerations to the upper extremities and body can be treated in the same manner, however it can be more difficult to keep the bandage in place. Often the use of adhesive tape to overlap on the dog’s coat or around the body will help prevent slipping of the bandage.

Fractured bones can be extremely painful. Treatment of these should be done with care. A muzzel to prevent biting is a good idea. Fractures of the upper leg bones are usually stabilized by the large muscle mass and do OK unsplinted. Fractures to the lower limbs should be splinted to prevent additional damage resulting from movement of the limb. Roll gauze, adhesive tape and vet-wrap can be used to incorporate a stick in the splint to stabilize fractures.

Insect stings are usually more annoying than dangerous. They cause mild to moderate swelling, itching and pain. Rarely insect stings cause severe, anaphalactic reactions. First aid is treatment with an antihistamine, initiated soon after the sting. They should help minimize signs and discomfort. Ask you veterinarian for a dose appropriate for your pets.

Ticks on dogs are effectively controlled with Frontline Top Spot™ or K-9 Advantix™. Be sure to follow package directions when applying for best results. Most tick-transmitted disease requires extended (48 hours or more) feeding or attachment. Daily checks of the head, neck, and ear areas for ticks and their removal will minimize disease transmission.

The West Nile Virus (WNV) and mosquitoes have been in the news a lot lately. The greatest concern here is for humans. A good quality insect repellent will make life more pleasant and minimize WNV exposure. While dogs seroconvert (immune reaction to the virus) there have been no reports of clinical disease in healthy dogs so it appears no concern it warranted.

Snakebites are usually not life threatening IF treated properly and in a reasonable amount of time. This is a situation where first aid is getting to a veterinarian for treatment and is strongly recommended. Snakebites in dogs usually occur on the face and swell up very quickly and are very painful. Treatment includes a combination of fluids, antibiotics, antihistamines, anti-venin and pain relief.

Dr. Bert Gaddis, a veterinarian, is owner of Indian Springs Animal Clinic located in North Shelby County at 1583 Cahaba Valley Road across from Indian Springs School.
Questions are welcome and can be sent to ISACVETS@aol.com.